Thereafter the Duke granted him the resources for studies at the Hanoverian University of Göttingen until 1798, where he studied mathematics, sciences and classical languages as well. When the elementary teachers noticed his intellectual abilities, they brought him to the attention of the Duke of Brunswick, who sent him to the Collegium Carolinum in Brunswick, which he attended from 1792 to 1795 with Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann as one of his teachers. Gauss was a child prodigy in the field of mathematics. He had one elder brother from his father's first marriage. He was christened and confirmed in a church near the school he attended as a child. He was experienced in writing and calculating, but his wife Dorothea (1743–1839), Carl Friedrich's mother, was nearly illiterate. His father Gebhard Dietrich Gauss (1744–1808) worked in several jobs as butcher, bricklayer, gardener, and in addition as treasurer of a death benefit fund Gauss characterized his father as an honourable and respected man, but rough and dominating at home. Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss was born on 30 April 1777 in Brunswick (Braunschweig), in the Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (now part of Lower Saxony, Germany), to a family of lower social status. Gauss married twice and had six children, and died of a heart attack in 1855 in Göttingen.īiography Family, youth and education Ĭaricature of Abraham Gotthelf Kästner by Gauss (1795) He believed that the act of learning, not possession of knowledge, granted the greatest enjoyment. Gauss was known to dislike teaching, but some of his students became influential mathematicians. Gauss was a careful author and refused to publish incomplete work, and though having published extensively, he left a lot of posthumous works of important content. His work on the motion of planetoids disturbed by large planets led to the introduction of the Gaussian gravitational constant and the method of least squares, which is still used in all sciences to minimize measurement error.įurthermore, Gauss invented the heliotrope in 1821, a magnetometer in 1833, and alongside Wilhelm Eduard Weber, invented the first electromagnetic telegraph in 1833. He is also credited with inventing the fast Fourier transform algorithm and was instrumental in the discovery of the dwarf planet Ceres. Gauss proved the fundamental theorem of algebra, made important contributions to number theory and developed the theories of binary and ternary quadratic forms. He was director of the astronomical observatory in Göttingen for nearly half a century from 1807 until his death. At the age of 21 he completed his magnum opus, Disquisitiones Arithmeticae. He was a child prodigy in mathematics, attended Collegium Carolinum, and while studying at the University of Göttingen, he yet made several important mathematical discoveries. Gauss had an exceptional influence in many fields of mathematics and science and ranks among history's most influential mathematicians. Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss ( / ɡ aʊ s/ German: Gauß ( listen) Latin: Carolus Fridericus Gauss 30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician, geodesist, and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields in mathematics and science.
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